Research

Research interests Below the research interests that I am currenly working on are briefly described.     • New theory of time The 2T Theory of Time, and the underlying 2T Model of Time (collectively referred to as 2T), provide a description of the physical way time functions. Time has fascinated people probably for as long as we humans can think and reason. Yet, up to this very moment no one knows exactly what time is. The 2T Theory of Time describes how time may actually function in the physical reality. The underlying 2T Model of Time describes how time may originate in the physical reality.  2T may very well be the first fruitful attempt at understanding time from a physical standpoint. In other words, 2T may be the first constructive theory of time, meaning that it provides a physical mechanistical explanation of what time is and how it functions. Other theories of time are invariably theories of principle, that basically treat time as a black box.     • Black Holes... don't exist! The title of this section will undoubtedly provoke strong reactions. After all, black holes are established celestial objects. Or not? Sometimes solutions to problems are much easier than you think. However, this does require a form of thinking ouside the box. In this situation the box is the way physicists think that black holes form celestial objects that truly exist in the physical reality. The supposed existence of black holes leads to a number of paradoxes, like e.g. the Black Hole Singularity Paradox, the Black Hole Information Paradox, the Equivalence Principle Inconsistency Paradox, and several other paradoxes. Another intersting paradox is what I call the Formation Incongruence Paradox. Already in 1939, Oppenheimer and Snyder literally wrote that “an external observer sees the star asymptotically shrinking to its gravitational radius”. Years later, in 1965, Roger Penrose wrote essentially the same, i.e. “to an outside observer the contraction to r = 2m (the event horizon) appears to take an infinite time”. Yet, both Oppenheimer and Snyder (1939) as well as Penrose (1965) described that infalling observers can reach, enter, and cross an event horizon in a finite amout of time, and subsequently concluded that black holes can form in the physical reality. Strangely enough, the discrepancy between the diametrically opposed experiences of the external and infalling observer is not addressed by any. Since we are all (luckily) external observers and not infalling observers, wouldn’t that mean that for us, black holes don’t form? Well, a lot more can be said about the way physicist, in my view wrongfully, concluded that black holes do exist in the physical reality. And on top of that, in 2020 Penrose, based on the results he described in his 1965 paper referred to above, was even awarded a Nobel Prize for "the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”. So you can imagine that stating that black holes cannot be formed, and consequently don’t exist is quite something. Interestingly though, if black holes wouldn't exist, the various paradoxes associated with black holes would all in once be solved. However, that would require very thorough and convincing arguments that black holes cannot exist according to present-day physics. The paper "Black holes... don't exist! Reinterpretation of general relativity required" describes it all!     • Model of Inertia and Gravity (The Unified Theory of Inertia and Gravity) Physicists have been looking for a quantum mechanical description of gravity for decades. The Model of Inertia and Gravity is an elegant model that ingeniously connects inertia and gravity. It provides a plausible explanation of how inertia and gravity function, by sharing a common mechanism. The topic of inertia and gravity will be taken up after the projects of time and black holes are finished. Then more information about this fascinating topic will be provided on this website, and hopefully a publication will follow.     • Dark energy explained by a Multiverse Model Using a novel model describing the existence of multiple universes, the accelerated expansion of our universe is explained, providing an alternative to other theories that try to explain this accelerated expansion, like e.g. the postulation of 'dark energy' or MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). Papers     • Paper "Black Holes... don't exist! Reinterpretation of general relativity required"         The scientific paper "Black Holes... don't exist! Reinterpretation of general relativity required" has been submitted for publication, and posted on the preprint server OSF Preprints (here).         As summary of the paper in plain language can be downloaded here (English version) and here  (Dutch version).     • Papers on theory of time         As has been described in the section 'What is New Paradigm Physics?', the so-called 2T Theory of Time will be published as a trilogy of papers. These papers will be submitted for publication in the near- future, at which moment they will also be published on the preprint server arXiv. At this moment, March 2025, the first two papers are ready, and the third paper will follow soon.     • Paper on model of inertia and gravity         This project is less far advanced. Yet it looks promising to me. The Model of Inertia and Gravity is an elegant model that ingeniously connects inertia and gravity. It provides a plausible explanation of how inertia and gravity function, by sharing a common mechanism.         The topic of inertia and gravity will be taken up after the projects of time and black holes are finished. Then more information about this fascinating topic will be provided on this website, and hopefully a publication will follow.     • Paper on Multiverse Model providing an alternative to dark matter and MOND         This project is the least far advanced. Based on the results described in my other research projects, an alternative Multiverse Model will be presented that can explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. This Multiverse Model will provide an alternative to the idea that some kind of dark energy has to be present to explain this, or that gravity behaves differently on very large scales (MOND).